What is the primary function of committees within Congress?

The primary function of committees within Congress is to conduct detailed analysis of legislation. Committees are essential to the legislative process, as they allow for a more in-depth examination of proposed laws than would be possible in a larger, full assembly setting. This detailed analysis includes reviewing the content of the bills, gathering expert testimony, conducting hearings, and considering the implications of legislation before it moves to the broader legislative floor for debate and voting.

Committees specialize in various areas, such as finance, foreign affairs, and health, which means members can focus on specific topics and develop expertise. This specialization also enables them to assess the merits and shortcomings of proposed legislation critically while offering amendments and recommendations, ensuring that legislation is well-considered and relevant before it is presented to the entire Congress for further action.

The other options presented, while related to congressional responsibilities, do not capture the core role of committees in the legislative process. For instance, committees may indirectly help manage legislative debates, but their primary purpose is analysis. Similarly, while committees can impact the introduction of bills and budget approval, those functions are not the principal reason for their existence within the legislative framework.